{"id":1299,"date":"2012-12-07T11:56:59","date_gmt":"2012-12-07T11:56:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fgti-distribution.fr\/?page_id=1299"},"modified":"2023-07-05T12:11:56","modified_gmt":"2023-07-05T12:11:56","slug":"generalites","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fgti-distribution.fr\/it\/joints-detancheite\/generalites\/","title":{"rendered":"Fonction d’un joint composite"},"content":{"rendered":"
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FGTI-Distribution > Joints d'\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9 > Fonction d'un joint composite<\/div>\n

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\nFonction d'un joint composite\n<\/td>\n<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n
\nPrincipe de construction\n<\/td>\n\nLes joints composites sont constitu\u00e9s habituellement par deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments.
\nLa bague d\u2019\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9 est usin\u00e9e \u00e0 partir d\u2019un PTFE charg\u00e9, particuli\u00e8rement r\u00e9sistant \u00e0 l\u2019usure. Gr\u00e2ce aux qualit\u00e9s de ce mat\u00e9riau, les joints peuvent supporter la pression, la vitesse et r\u00e9sister \u00e0 des variations de temp\u00e9rature importantes.
\n\n<\/td>\n		\nDans la mesure o\u00f9 les valeurs maximales ne sont atteintes que par l\u2019addition de diff\u00e9rents param\u00e8tres, des tests pr\u00e9liminaires sont n\u00e9cessaires dans certaines applications extr\u00eames.
\nUn \u00e9l\u00e9ment de pr\u00e9contrainte \u00e9lastique donne la pression n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 assurer l\u2019\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9 entre la surface de frottement et la surface oppos\u00e9e, garantissant ainsi la long\u00e9vit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9. La pr\u00e9contrainte est appliqu\u00e9e par un joint torique en \u00e9lastom\u00e8re ou un ressort profil\u00e9 en acier. Les joints toriques assurent \u00e9galement l\u2019\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9 statique en fond de gorge.
\nPour le choix des mati\u00e8res de la bague d\u2019\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9 et de l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment de pr\u00e9contrainte, il faut tenir compte des conditions d\u2019utilisation.\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n
\nEtanch\u00e9it\u00e9 int\u00e9rieure\nou ext\u00e9rieure\n<\/td>\n\nTous les joints assurant l\u2019\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9 radiale peuvent \u00eatre con\u00e7us pour garantir une \u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9 int\u00e9rieure ou ext\u00e9rieure..
\nEtanch\u00e9it\u00e9 ext\u00e9rieure, par exemple joint de piston MANOY\u00ae profil 112\n<\/td>\n		\n\nEtanch\u00e9it\u00e9 int\u00e9rieure, par exemple joint de tige MANOY\u00ae profil 120\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n
\nFonctionnement de\nl\u2019\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9<\/td>\n\nLes joints composites et joints \u00e0 l\u00e8vre MANOY s\u2019activent par la pression du fluide. Par l\u2019\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 de sa section en fond de gorge, le joint torique assure l\u2019\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9 statique en fond de gorge et pousse le joint d\u2019\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9 dynamique sur la surface oppos\u00e9e.\n<\/td>\n\n\nLa pression du fluide exerce une pr\u00e9contrainte suppl\u00e9mentaire sur le joint de piston.\nAinsi la pression n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 assurer l\u2019\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9 s\u2019\u00e9quilibre par la pression apport\u00e9e par le fluide.\nJusqu\u2019\u00e0 environ 2MPa, la force d\u2019\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9 est obtenue quasi uniquement gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la pouss\u00e9e de l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment de pr\u00e9contrainte. \n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n
\nChoix du profil<\/td>\n\n\n<\/td>\n\nLe choix du profil de la bague d\u2019\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9 d\u00e9pend essentiellement du mouvement, de la direction et de la valeur de la pression, ainsi que de la qualit\u00e9 du fluide.\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n
\nPr\u00e9contrainte du joint torique<\/td>\n\nAfin de garantir une bonne \u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9, les logements sont positionn\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce qu\u2019une pr\u00e9contrainte moyenne soit exerc\u00e9e par le joint torique ou par le ressort.
\nUne profondeur de gorge plus faible assure une pr\u00e9contrainte plus importante et am\u00e9liore ainsi l\u2019\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9 en cas de pressions faibles (jusqu\u2019\u00e0 environ 2MPa) ou inexistantes.\nUne profondeur de gorge plus cons\u00e9quente permet une certaine souplesse de fonctionnement qui ira cependant au d\u00e9triment de l\u2019\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9.\n<\/td>\n		\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n\n
\nValeur du jeu de fonctionnement<\/td>\n\nLa valeur minimale requise de jeu d\u00e9pend de la pr\u00e9cision du guidage et des autres param\u00e8tres de montage. Ainsi faut-il prendre en compte d\u2019\u00e9ventuelles augmentations de pression et de dilatation \u00e0 la chaleur.
\nDu c\u00f4t\u00e9 oppos\u00e9 \u00e0 la pression, il faut privil\u00e9gier des jeux faibles, alors que du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la pression, un jeu \u00e9lev\u00e9 permet d\u2019\u00e9viter l\u2019accumulation de particules.
\nPour des pressions sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 40 MPA, le respect de valeurs de tol\u00e9rances H8\/f8 pour les diam\u00e8tres d\u2019al\u00e9sage\/piston et chemise\/tiges est imp\u00e9ratif.\n<\/td>\n		\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n
\nEtanch\u00e9it\u00e9<\/td>\n\nUn joint ne peut \u00eatre parfaitement \u00e9tanche que s\u2019il est statique. En mouvement, l\u2019\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9 est plus difficile. Un fonctionnement totalement \u00e0 sec conduirait \u00e0 une usure de tous les \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u2019\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9. En \u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9 dynamique, une lubrification l\u00e9g\u00e8re par le fluide sur la surface oppos\u00e9e assurera un bon fonctionnement du joint.\n<\/td>\n\n \n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<\/tbody><\/table>\n\n
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